**TL;DR**: You can increase batch size in advanced phases of training without hurting accuracy and gaining some speedup. You should multiply the learning rate by the same value you multiplied batch size.

**Long version**: Authors propose to increase batch size gradually, starting with a  small  batch  size $r$, and then progressively increase the batch size while adapting the learning rate $\alpha$ so that the ratio $\alpha/r$ remains constant (without taking in account scheduled LR reduce). In this paper, they double the batch size by schedule. At the same time, learning rate is decayed and then multiplied by 2 to compensate batch size increase: if in baseline lr is multiplied by $0.375$, it is multiplied by $0.75$ now.

The experiments on CIFAR-100 dataset show that the gradual increase of batch size allows to converge to the same values as constant small batch size. However, bigger batches allow faster training, providing $\times 1.5$ speedup on AlexNet, and around $\times 1.2$ speedup on ResNet and VGG, for both forward and backward passes on single GPU.

On multiple GPUs the approach allows to further increase batchsize. On fortunate setups authors manage to get up to $\times 1.6$ speedup compared to constant batch size equal to initial value, while the error is almost unchanged. For bigger batch sizes lr warmup is used.

For ImageNet, same behavior is shown for accuracy: gradual increase of batch size converges to same values as setup with initial batch size. Since authors haven't access to a system capable of processing large batches on ImageNet, no performance results are reported.